Background: |
Great Britain formally acquired possession of Malta in 1814.
The island staunchly supported the UK through both World Wars
and remained in the Commonwealth when it became independent
in 1964. A decade later Malta became a republic. Since about
the mid-1980s, the island has become a freight transshipment
point, financial center, and tourist destination. It is an official
candidate for EU membership. |
Location: |
Southern Europe, islands in the Mediterranean Sea, south of
Sicily (Italy) |
Geographic
coordinates: |
35 50 N, 14 35 E |
Map
references: |
Europe
|
Area: |
total: 316 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 316 sq km |
Area
- comparative: |
slightly less than twice the size of Washington, DC |
Land
boundaries: |
0 km |
Coastline: |
196.8 km (does not include 56.01 km for the island of Gozo)
|
Maritime
claims: |
contiguous zone: 24 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
exclusive fishing zone: 25 NM
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
|
Climate: |
Mediterranean with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers
|
Terrain: |
mostly low, rocky, flat to dissected plains; many coastal cliffs
|
Elevation
extremes: |
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point: Ta'Dmejrek 253 m (near Dingli) |
Natural
resources: |
limestone, salt, arable land |
Land
use: |
arable land: 31.25%
permanent crops: 3.13%
other: 65.62% (1998 est.) |
Irrigated
land: |
20 sq km (1998 est.) |
Natural
hazards: |
NA |
Environment
- current issues: |
very limited natural fresh water resources; increasing reliance
on desalination |
Environment
- international agreements: |
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test
Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
|
Geography
- note: |
the country comprises an archipelago, with only the three largest
islands (Malta, Ghawdex or Gozo, and Kemmuna or Comino) being
inhabited; numerous bays provide good harbors; Malta and Tunisia
are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental
shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration
|
Population: |
400,420 (July 2003 est.) |
Age
structure: |
0-14 years: 19.5% (male 40,448; female 37,623)
15-64 years: 67.5% (male 136,221; female 134,142)
65 years and over: 13% (male 21,730; female 30,256) (2003
est.) |
Median
age: |
total: 37.2 years
male: 35.6 years
female: 38.8 years (2002) |
Population
growth rate: |
0.73% (2003 est.) |
Birth
rate: |
12.75 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
Death
rate: |
7.8 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
Net
migration rate: |
2.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
Sex
ratio: |
at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
Infant
mortality rate: |
total: 5.62 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
male: 5.87 deaths/1,000 live births |
Life
expectancy at birth: |
total population: 78.43 years
male: 75.94 years
female: 81.14 years (2003 est.) |
Total
fertility rate: |
1.91 children born/woman (2003 est.) |
HIV/AIDS
- adult prevalence rate: |
0.1% (2001 est.) |
HIV/AIDS
- people living with HIV/AIDS: |
NA |
HIV/AIDS
- deaths: |
less than 100 (2001 est.) |
Nationality: |
noun: Maltese (singular and plural)
adjective: Maltese |
Ethnic
groups: |
Maltese (descendants of ancient Carthaginians and Phoenicians,
with strong elements of Italian and other Mediterranean stock)
|
Religions: |
Roman Catholic 98% |
Languages: |
Maltese (official), English (official) |
Literacy: |
definition: age 10 and over can read and write
total population: 92.8%
male: 92%
female: 93.6% (2003 est.) |
Country
name: |
conventional long form: Republic of Malta
conventional short form: Malta
local short form: Malta
local long form: Repubblika ta' Malta |
Government
type: |
republic |
Capital: |
Valletta |
Administrative
divisions: |
none (administered directly from Valletta); note - Local Councils
carry out administrative orders |
Independence: |
21 September 1964 (from UK) |
National
holiday: |
Independence Day, 21 September (1964) |
Constitution: |
1964 constitution substantially amended on 13 December 1974
and again in 1987 |
Legal
system: |
based on English common law and Roman civil law; accepts compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations |
Suffrage: |
18 years of age; universal |
Executive
branch: |
chief of state: President Guido DE MARCO (since 4 April
1999)
head of government: Prime Minister Eddie FENECH ADAMI
(since 6 September 1998); Deputy Prime Minister Lawrence GONZI
(since 4 April 1999)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice
of the prime minister
elections: president elected by the House of Representatives
for a five-year term; election last held NA April 1999 (next
to be held by April 2004); following legislative elections,
the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition
is usually appointed prime minister by the president for a five-year
term; the deputy prime minister is appointed by the president
on the advice of the prime minister
election results: Guido DE MARCO elected president; percent
of House of Representatives vote - 54% |
Legislative
branch: |
unicameral House of Representatives (usually 65 seats; note
- additional seats are given to the party with the largest popular
vote to ensure a legislative majority; members are elected by
popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to
serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 12 April 2003 (next to be held by
April 2008)
election results: percent of vote by party - PN 51.7%,
MLP 47.6%, AD 0.7%; seats by party - PN 34, MLP 31 |
Judicial
branch: |
Constitutional Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts
are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister
|
Political
parties and leaders: |
Alternativa Demokratika/Alliance for Social Justice or AD [Harry
VASSALLO]; Malta Labor Party or MLP [Alfred SANT]; Nationalist
Party or PN [Edward FENECH ADAMI] |
Political
pressure groups and leaders: |
NA |
International
organization participation: |
C, CE, EBRD, ECE, EU (applicant), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC,
IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
Diplomatic
representation in the US: |
chief of mission: Ambassador John LOWELL
consulate(s): New York
FAX: [1] (202) 387-5470
telephone: [1] (202) 462-3611, 3612
chancery: 2017 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC
20008 |
Diplomatic
representation from the US: |
chief of mission: Ambassador Anthony H. GIOIA
embassy: 3rd Floor, Development House, Saint Anne Street,
Floriana, Malta VLT 01
mailing address: P. O. Box 535, Valletta, Malta
telephone: [356] 21-235-960
FAX: [356] 2124-3229 |
Flag
description: |
two equal vertical bands of white (hoist side) and red; in the
upper hoist-side corner is a representation of the George Cross,
edged in red |
Economy
- overview: |
Major resources are limestone, a favorable geographic location,
and a productive labor force. Malta produces only about 20%
of its food needs, has limited fresh water supplies, and has
no domestic energy sources. The economy is dependent on foreign
trade, manufacturing (especially electronics and textiles),
and tourism. Malta is privatizing state-controlled firms and
liberalizing markets in order to prepare for membership in the
European Union. The island remains divided politically, however,
over the question of joining the EU. Continued sluggishness
in the global economy is holding back exports, tourism, and
overall growth. |
GDP: |
purchasing power parity - $6.818 billion (2002 est.) |
GDP
- real growth rate: |
1.2% (2002 est.) |
GDP
- per capita: |
purchasing power parity - $17,200 (2002 est.) |
GDP
- composition by sector: |
agriculture: 2.8%
industry: 25.5%
services: 71.7% (1999) |
Population
below poverty line: |
NA% |
Household
income or consumption by percentage share: |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
Inflation
rate (consumer prices): |
2.4% (2002 est.) |
Labor
force: |
160,000 (2002 est.) |
Labor
force - by occupation: |
industry 24%, services 71%, agriculture 5% (1999 est.) |
Unemployment
rate: |
7% (2002 est.) |
Budget: |
revenues: $1.5 billion
expenditures: $1.6 billion, including capital expenditures
of $NA (2000) |
Industries: |
tourism; electronics, ship building and repair, construction;
food and beverages, textiles, footwear, clothing, tobacco |
Industrial
production growth rate: |
NA% |
Electricity
- production: |
1.768 billion kWh (2001) |
Electricity
- production by source: |
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
other: 0% (2001)
nuclear: 0% |
Electricity
- consumption: |
1.644 billion kWh (2001) |
Electricity
- exports: |
0 kWh (2001) |
Electricity
- imports: |
0 kWh (2001) |
Oil
- production: |
0 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
Oil
- consumption: |
20,000 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
Oil
- exports: |
NA (2001) |
Oil
- imports: |
NA (2001) |
Agriculture
- products: |
potatoes, cauliflower, grapes, wheat, barley, tomatoes, citrus,
cut flowers, green peppers; pork, milk, poultry, eggs |
Exports: |
$2 billion f.o.b. (2001) |
Exports
- commodities: |
machinery and transport equipment, manufactures |
Exports
- partners: |
Singapore 17.3%, US 11.4%, UK 9.4%, Germany 9%, France 7.2%,
China 6.5%, Italy 6% (2002) |
Imports: |
$2.8 billion f.o.b. (2001) |
Imports
- commodities: |
machinery and transport equipment, manufactured and semi-manufactured
goods; food, drink, and tobacco |
Imports
- partners: |
Italy 18.3%, France 12.1%, South Korea 11.3%, UK 7.5%, Singapore
5.3%, Germany 5.2%, Japan 5%, US 4.6%, Spain 4.2% (2002) |
Debt
- external: |
$130 million (1997) |
Economic
aid - recipient: |
$NA |
Currency: |
Maltese lira (MTL) |
Currency
code: |
MTL |
Exchange
rates: |
Maltese liri per US dollar - 0.43 (2002), 0.45 (2001), 0.44
(2000), 0.4 (1999), 0.39 (1998) |
Fiscal
year: |
1 April - 31 March |
Telephones
- main lines in use: |
187,000 (1997) |
Telephones
- mobile cellular: |
17,691 (1997) |
Telephone
system: |
general assessment: automatic system satisfies normal
requirements
domestic: submarine cable and microwave radio relay between
islands
international: 2 submarine cables; satellite earth station
- 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) |
Radio
broadcast stations: |
AM 1, FM 18, shortwave 6 (1999) |
Television
broadcast stations: |
6 (2000) |
Internet
country code: |
.mt |
Internet
Service Providers (ISPs): |
6 (2002) |
Internet
users: |
59,000 (2002) |
Railways: |
0 km |
Highways: |
total: 2,254 km
paved: 1,972 km
unpaved: 282 km (2000) |
Waterways: |
none |
Ports
and harbors: |
Marsaxlokk, Valletta |
Merchant
marine: |
total: 1,234 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 25,885,128 GRT/42,467,864
DWT
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here
as a flag of convenience: Australia 4, Austria 6, Bangladesh
1, Belgium 3, Bulgaria 19, Canada 2, China 16, Croatia 14, Cuba
1, Cyprus 7, Denmark 3, Estonia 5, Finland 1, Germany 54, Greece
627, Hong Kong 12, Iceland 3, India 10, Iran 2, Israel 26, Italy
36, Japan 2, Latvia 24, Lebanon 6, Monaco 29, Netherlands 10,
Nigeria 2, Norway 43, Poland 29, Portugal 2, Romania 15, Russia
85, Saudi Arabia 1, Slovenia 2, South Korea 5, Spain 1, Switzerland
54, Syria 4, Turkey 84, Ukraine 25, UAE 3, UK 4, US 10 (2002
est.)
ships by type: bulk 459, cargo 280, chemical tanker 45,
combination bulk 10, combination ore/oil 10, container 80, liquefied
gas 3, livestock carrier 3, multi-functional large-load carrier
1, passenger 6, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 236, refrigerated
cargo 37, roll on/roll off 41, short-sea passenger 7, vehicle
carrier 15 |
Airports: |
1 (2002) |
Airports
- with paved runways: |
total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2002) |
Military
branches: |
Armed Forces (including land forces [with subordinate air squadron
and maritime squadron] and the Revenue Security Corps), Maltese
Police Force |
Military
manpower - availability: |
males age 15-49: 99,312 (2003 est.) |
Military
manpower - fit for military service: |
males age 15-49: 79,080 (2003 est.) |
Military
expenditures - dollar figure: |
$60 million (2000 est.) |
Military
expenditures - percent of GDP: |
1.7% (2000) |
Disputes
- international: |
none |
Illicit
drugs: |
minor transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Western
Europe |
|